15 Sep Bruce Lee
Vero e proprio mito dell’arte del Kung-fu, Bruce Lee nasce il 27 novembre 1940, a San Francisco, nel Jackson Street Hospital di Chinatown. Alla sua nascita, il padre Lee Hoi Chuen, attore assai conosciuto a Hong Kong, è in tournèe in America, seguito dalla moglie, Grace, di origine tedesca e di tradizione cattolica. I due, estremamente nostalgici e desiderosi di tornare una volta per tutte in Cina senza dover più viaggiare, chiamano il piccolo Lee Jun Fan, che in cinese significa proprio “colui che torna”.
Quarto di cinque figli, già da piccolo si meritò il soprannome di “mo si tung”, “quello che non sta mai fermo”, anche se pare che per placarlo bastasse mettergli in mano qualche libro.
Quella di Bruce Lee che legge è senza dubbio un’immagine curiosa ma se dobbiamo prestare fede alle memorie della moglie, Linda Lee, questo è solo un pregiudizio.
In un’opera dedicata alla vita del marito, infatti, la signora ha affermato che “ricco o povero, Bruce ha sempre collezionato libri”, per non parlare della sua laurea in Filosofia conseguita da adulto.
D’altronde Bruce fu senza dubbio un ragazzino assai sveglio e intelligente, anche se agitato e poco giudizioso.
Dopo aver frequentato la scuola elementare cinese si iscrive al La Salle College ed è proprio qui che matura la sua decisione di dedicarsi approfonditamente alla pratica, e allo studio, delle arti marziali. Un cambiamento non da poco se si pensa che certamente Bruce praticava il Kung-fu (con lo stile Wing-Chun), ma che la maggior parte del suo tempo fin ad allora la dedicava allo studio della danza.
L’origine di questa decisione sembra sia da ricercare nelle banali risse che scoppiavano fuori dalla scuola, originate soprattutto dal cattivo sangue circolante fra i ragazzi cinesi e quelli inglesi, percepiti come invasori (Hong Kong, al tempo, era ancora una colonia britannica).
Si iscrive allora alla scuola di Wing Chun del famoso maestro Yp Man, diventando uno degli allievi più assidui.
Alla scuola di Yp Man oltre alle tecniche fisiche venne a conoscenza del pensiero taoista e delle filosofie di Buddha, Confucio, Lao Tzu e di altri maestri.
Accade che alla sua scuola viene lanciata una sfida da parte della Choy Lee Fu School: i due gruppi si incontrano sul tetto di una palazzina, nel quartiere di Resettlement e quella che doveva essere una serie di confronti a due si trasforma presto in una rissa furiosa.
Quando un allievo dell’altra scuola procura un occhio nero a Bruce, il futuro re del Kung-fu reagisce ferocemente e, in preda alla rabbia, lo ferisce seriamente al volto. I genitori del ragazzo lo denunciano e Bruce, che allora aveva solo diciotto anni, su consiglio della madre parte per gli Stati Uniti.
Anche negli States si trova sovente coinvolto in risse, più che altro causate dal colore della sua pelle.
Trasferitosi a Seattle lavora come cameriere in un ristorante; completa gli studi liceali all’Edison Tecnical School e, in seguito, ottiene la già ricordata specializzazione in Filosofia alla Washington University.
Non gli è difficile radunare attorno a sè amici o curiosi interessati alla sua arte particolare, il Kung fu, che allora era veramente semi-sconosciuta al di fuori delle comunità cinesi.
Il suo primo obiettivo è quello di diffondere l’arte in tutti gli Stati Uniti.
In seguito, per motivi particolari abbandonerà il progetto, anzi chiuderà tutte e tre le succursali della sua scuola “Jun Fan Gong Fu Institute” (le altre due erano dirette da Dan Inosanto, a Los Angeles, e J. Yimm Lee, a Oakland).
Trasferitosi in California nel 1964 approfondisce il suo studio rivolgendo la sua attenzione ad altre discipline, come il Kali (con il suo amico ed allievo Dan Inosanto), il Judo, il Pugilato, la Lotta libera, il Karate e altri stili di Kung fu.
Con il tempo colleziona un’immensa biblioteca contenente volumi su ogni genere di stile e su ogni tipo di arma.
Sempre del 1964 è la sua famosa esibizione, in occasione degli Internazionali di Karate di Long Beach, ai quali interviene su invito di Ed Parker.
Dalla sintesi, o sarebbe meglio dire, dall’elaborazione di tutti questi studi, nasce il suo Jeet Kune Do, “la via per intercettare il pugno”.
Il 17 Agosto del 1964 sposa Linda Emery che, nel Febbraio del 1965 gli dà il suo primo figlio, Brandon (sul set del film “Il Corvo” in circostanze misteriose, Brandon Lee morirà in giovane età, come il padre).
In questo periodo Bruce Lee vince una serie di tornei attirando curiosamente l’attenzione di molti registi. A Los Angeles Bruce Lee comincia la sua carriera di attore recitando nella popolare serie televisiva “The green hornet” e, tra le riprese delle puntate e la nascita della seconda figlia Shannon, trova anche il tempo di insegnare regolarmente Kung-fu. Una “mania” che contagiò anche alcuni attori famosi, disposti a tutto pur di prendere lezioni da lui.
In quegli anni dà alle stampe il primo dei libri sulla sua nuova arte, con l’intento sempre nobile di diffondere gli importanti fondamenti spirituali provenienti dall’oriente.
Ma è la carriera cinematografica quella che lo porta alle stelle. Bruce Lee, prima di morire in modo inaspettato prima di concludere l’ultima pellicola, recita in non meno di venticinque film e serie televisive, tutti entrati più o meno a far parte dell’immaginario collettivo.
Dal mitico “Dalla Cina con furore”, a “L’urlo di Chen terrorizza anche l’Occidente”, da “I 3 dell’operazione Drago” fino al drammatico titolo postumo, in cui furono usate controfigure per terminare le scene non girate da Bruce “L’ultimo combattimento di Chen”.
Bruce Lee scompare il 20 luglio 1973 lasciando il mondo attonito. Nessuno riesce ancora a spiegare le ragioni di quella drammatica morte. C’è chi sostiene che sia stato ucciso da maestri tradizionalisti, da sempre contrari alla diffusione del Kung-fu in Occidente (della stessa opinione, dicono i bene informati, era la mafia cinese, altra entità presunta responsabile), chi invece crede che sia stato eliminato da produttori cinematografici che non avevano ottenuto il suo consenso per alcune sceneggiature a lui proposte.
La versione ufficiale parla di una reazione allergica ad un componente di un farmaco, l’”Equagesic”, da lui utilizzato per curare l’emicrania. Ad ogni buon conto, con lui è scomparso un mito adorato dalle folle, un uomo che attraverso l’apparente violenza dei suoi film è riuscito a trasmettere l’immagine di uomo duro ma profondamente sensibile e perfino timido.
L’enorme uso che Hollywood, dopo di lui, ha fatto e continua a fare delle arti marziali e il mistero della sua scomparsa fanno si che la sua leggenda rimanga viva tutt’oggi.
Uno degli ultimi celebri esempi lo si riscontra nel film di Quentin Tarantino, “Kill Bill” (2003), zeppo di scene riprese pari pari dai film del “Drago” (senza contare la tuta gialla di Uma Thurman che richiama quella analoga di Bruce Lee).
Al suo funerale, ad Hong Kong, partecipò una folla immensa; una seconda funzione in forma privata ebbe invece luogo a Seattle dove Bruce Lee è sepolto, presso il Lakeview Cemetery.
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